[Latin Name]  Piper methyicium L.

[Specification] Kavalactones ≥30.0%

[Appearance] Yellow powder

Plant Part Used: Root

[Particle size] 80Mesh

[Loss on drying] ≤5.0%

[Heavy Metal] ≤10PPM

[Storage] Store in cool & dry area, keep away from the direct light and heat.

[Shelf life] 24 Months

[Package] Packed in paper-drums and two plastic-bags inside.

[Net weight] 25kgs/drum

[What is Kava?]

Kava, also known as piper methysticum, kava kava, and ‘awa, is a small shrub native to the islands in the South Pacific. The root and stems are made into a non-alcoholic, psychoactive beverage that has been used socially and ceremonially for hundreds of years in Hawaii, Fiji, and Tonga.

Kava is traditionally prepared by placing ground root and stem into a porous sack, submerging in water, and squeezing the juice into a large, carved, wooden bowl. Coconut half-shell cups are dipped and filled — punch bowl style. After drinking a cup or two a feeling of heightened attention combined with relaxation begins to come on. Although it is soothing, it is unlike alcohol in that thoughts remain clear. The flavor is largely inoffensive, but some find that it takes getting used to; it really depends on your preference for earthy flavors.

[Kava is Safe to Use]

The safe and effective benefits of kava to relieve symptoms of anxiety were also supported in a meta-analysis, a systematic statistical review of seven human clinical trials published in 2000 in the Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, and again in a similar critical review in 2001. The reviews did not find significant adverse effects related to liver toxicity.

In conclusion, the liver is affected by many substances, including prescription and non- prescription drugs, as well as alcohol, which is a major cause of liver damage. We must be aware that herbs are potent medicines, to be treated with the appropriate respect regarding potential interactions and toxicity, including to the liver. On the other hand, Kava kava’s margin of safety far surpasses that of it’s pharmaceutical equivalent.

[Function]

Kava’s can help offset a number of problems, most notably stress, anxiety, and disrupted sleep patterns. However, kava’s anxiolytic (anti-panic or anti-anxiety agent) and calming properties can offset many other stress and anxiety related ailments.

1. Kava as a Therapy for Anxiety
2. Kava May Remedy Menopausal Mood Swings

3. Weight Loss

4. Combat Premature Aging

5. Quit Smoking Aid

6. Combat pain as an analgesic

7. Insomnia

8. Depression

Polysaccharides (Complex carbohydrates)
Dm, Am, G
long chains of several hundred or thousand monosaccharides held together by 1-4 or 1-6 glycosidic linkages.
functions: energy storage(ex. Starch and glycogen) and alpha structural support( ex. cellulose and chitin).
(F#m, C, F on fret 3, F on fret 5)
starch is made up of 2 polysaccharides: amylose and amylopectin see fig. 9 on pg. 31).
F#m, G,D, A
Amylose is a coiled chain of unbranched alpha glucose held together alpha 1-4 glycosidic linkages. (See Fig 11a on pg. 32)
Amylopectin is composed of a main chain of linked alpha glucose attached by alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds and branch points formed by alpha 1-6 glycosidic linkages. Plants store starch in chloroplasts, amyloplasts and other plastids.
Dm, Am, G
Storage form of glucose in animals is glycogen. Glycogen is structurally similar to amylopectin, however, the alpha 1-6 branch points are shorter and more frequent which results in a molecule that is highly branched.
F#m, C, F on fret 3, F on fret 5)
Humans store glycogen in the liver cells and the muscles. Enzymes in these tissues hydrolyze glycogen into single glucose molecules
F#m, C, G, D
for energy during physical activity.
Cellulose is a major structural component of the plant cell wall. It is the most abundant organic substance of earth. It is a straight chain polymer. of B-Glucose held together. by B 1-4 glycosidic linkages.
F#m, G, Am, C
In order for a reaction to occur between the hydroxyl groups on the carbon numbers 1 and 4, every other B-Glucose must be inverted. Humans do not have the enzyme to hydrolyses the B(1-4) glycosidic linkage, therefore cannot obtain energy from cellulose.
Chitin is a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine which makes up the hard exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans.
Coprophage
-eat their own poop to absorb missed nutrients
-had pelts during the day that are hard, and have soft ones at night which are edible to reabsorb the nutrients.

Components of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and digestive enzymes. This video and other related animations and images are available for instant download licensing here: https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/images-videos-by-medical-specialties/gastroenterology-digestive-diseases
Voice by: Sue Stern
©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.
The digestive system is composed of 2 main components: the gastrointestinal tract, or GI tract, where digestion and absorption take place; and accessory organs which secrete various fluids/enzymes to help with digestion. The GI tract is a continuous chain of organs where food enters at one end and waste gets out from the other. These organs are lined with smooth muscles whose rhythmic contractions generate waves of movement along their walls, known as peristalsis. Peristalsis is the force that propels food down the tract.
Digestion is the process of breaking down food into smaller, simpler components, so they can be absorbed by the body. Basically, carbohydrates such as sugars and starch are broken down into glucose, proteins into amino acids, and fat molecules into fatty acids and glycerol.
Digestion starts in the oral cavity where the food is moistened with saliva and chewed, food bolus is formed to facilitate swallowing. Saliva is secreted by the salivary glands and contains the enzyme amylase. Amylase breaks down starch into maltose and dextrin which are processed further in the small intestine.
The food bolus is propelled down the esophagus into the stomach, the major organ of the GI tract. The stomach produces gastric juice containing pepsin, a protease, and hydrochloric acid which act to digest proteins. At the same time, mechanical churning is performed by muscular contraction of the stomach wall. The result is the formation of chyme, a semi-liquid mass of partially digested food. Chyme is stored in the stomach and is slowly released into the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum. The duodenum receives the following digestive enzymes from accessory organs:
- Bile, produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder; bile emulsifies fats and makes it easier for lipases to break them down.
- Pancreatic juice from the pancreas. This mixture contains proteases, lipases and amylase, and plays major role in digestion of proteins and fats.
The small intestine also produces its own enzymes: peptidases, sucrase, lactase, and maltase. Intestinal enzymes contribute mainly to the hydrolysis of polysaccharides.
The small intestine is where most of digestion and absorption take place. The walls of the small intestine absorb the digested nutrients into the bloodstream, which in turn delivers them to the rest of the body. In the small intestine, the chyme moves more slowly allowing time for thorough digestion and absorption. This is made possible by segmentation contractions of the circular muscles in the intestinal walls. Segmentation contractions move chyme in both directions. This allows a better mixing with digestive juices and a longer contact time with the intestinal walls.
The large intestine converts digested left-over into feces. It absorbs water and any remaining nutrients. The bacteria of the colon, known as gut flora, can break down substances in the chyme that are not digestible by the human digestive system. Bacterial fermentation produces various vitamins that are absorbed through the walls of the colon. The semi-solid fecal matter is then stored in the r. until it can be pushed out from the body during a bowel movement.
All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.