[Latin Name] Sambucus nigra

[Specification] Anthocyanidins15% 25% UV

[Appearance] Purple fine powder

Plant Part Used: Fruit

[Particle size] 80Mesh

[Loss on drying] ≤5.0%

[Heavy Metal] ≤10PPM

[Storage] Store in cool & dry area, keep away from the direct light and heat.

[Shelf life] 24 Months

[Package] Packed in paper-drums and two plastic-bags inside.

[Net weight] 25kgs/drum

[What is elderberry extract?]

Elderberry extract comes from the fruit of the Sambucus nigra or Black Elder, a species found in Europe, Western Asia, North Africa, and North America. Called “the medicine chest of the common people,” Elder flowers, berries, leaves, bark, and roots have all been used for centuries in traditional folk medicines.Elder fruit contains vitamins A, B and C, flavonoids, tannins, carotenoids, and amino acids. Elderberry is believed to possess therapeutic uses as an anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and immuno-stimulant.

[Function]

1. As medicine raw material: It can promote the healing of gastrointestinal ulcers; It can be used for acute and chronic hepatitis and hepatitis evocable hepatomegaly, hepatocirrhosis; promote the healing of liver function.

2. As foodstuff colorant: Widely used in cakes, beverage, candy, ice cream etc..

3. As chemical raw material for daily use: Widely used in many kinds of green medicine toothpastes and cosmetics.

Artificial biofilms establish the role of matrix interactions in staphylococcal biofilm assembly and disassembly. Elizabeth J. Stewart et al (2015), Scientific Reports https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep13081

We demonstrate that the microstructural and mechanical properties of bacterial biofilms can be created through colloidal self-assembly of cells and polymers, and thereby link the complex material properties of biofilms to well understood colloidal and polymeric behaviors. This finding is applied to soften and disassemble staphylococcal biofilms through pH changes. Bacterial biofilms are viscoelastic, structured communities of cells encapsulated in an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) comprised of polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA. Although the identity and abundance of EPS macromolecules are known, how these matrix materials interact with themselves and bacterial cells to generate biofilm morphology and mechanics is not understood. Here, we find that the colloidal self-assembly of Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A cells and polysaccharides into viscoelastic biofilms is driven by thermodynamic phase instability of EPS. pH conditions that induce phase instability of chitosan produce artificial S. epidermidis biofilms whose mechanics match natural S. epidermidis biofilms. Furthermore, pH-induced solubilization of the matrix triggers disassembly in both artificial and natural S. epidermidis biofilms. This pH-induced disassembly occurs in biofilms formed by five additional staphylococcal strains, including three clinical isolates. Our findings suggest that colloidal self-assembly of cells and matrix polymers produces biofilm viscoelasticity and that biofilm control strategies can exploit this mechanism.

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