[Latin Name] Rhodiola Rosea

[Plant Source] China

[Specifications] Salidrosides:1%-5%

Rosavin:3% HPLC

[Appearance] Brown fine powder

[Plant Part Used] Root

[Particle size] 80 Mesh

[Loss on drying] ≤5.0%

[Heavy Metal] ≤10PPM

[Storage] Store in cool & dry area, keep away from the direct light and heat.

[Package] Packed in paper-drums and two plastic-bags inside.

[What is Rhodiola Rosea]

Rhodiola Rosea (also known as Arctic root or golden root) is a member of the family Crassulaceae, a family of plants native to the arctic regions of Eastern Siberia. Rhodiola rosea is widely distributed  in Arctic and mountainous regions throughout Europe and Asia. It grows at altitudes of 11,000 to 18,000 feet above sea level.

There are numerous animal and test tube studies showing that rhodiola has both a stimulating and a sedating effect on the central nervous system; enhance physical endurance; improves thyroid, thymus, and adrenal function; protects the nervous system, heart and liver; and has antioxidant and anticancer properties.

[Function]

1 Enhancing immunity and delaying aging;

2 Resisting radiation and tumor;

3 Regulating nervous system and metabolism, effectively limiting melancholy feeling and mood, and promoting mental status;

4 Protecting cardiovascular, dilating coronary artery,preventing coronary arteriosclerosis and arrhythmia.

Moof’s Medical Biochemistry Video Course: https://moof-university.thinkific.com/courses/medical-biochemistry-for-usmle-step-1-exam

For Related Practice Problems with Worked Video Solutions on Carbohydrates, visit courses.moofuniversity.com.

In this video, I introduce the topic of carbohydrates / sugars.

(CH2O)n is the general formula for a monosaccharide or simple sugar. Glucose (C6H12O6) is a very common and very important example.

Carbohydrate names end in “-ose”
Aldoses have aldehydes in their straight-chain forms (depicted as Fischer projections)
Ketones have ketones in their straight-chain forms (depicted as Fischer projections)

There are D sugars and L sugars, and the convention is based on the Fischer projections of D-glyceraldehyde and L-glyceraldehyde. The two are enantiomers because they are opposite in absolute configuration at all of their chiral centers (which, in this case, is only one). D-glyceraldehyde has an OH on the right, while L-glyceraldehyde has an OH on the left. Sugars that have their last OH on the right are D sugars; sugars that have their last OH are L sugars. Most sugars that exist in life forms are D sugars.

In the video, I depict the difference between Fischer projections (straight chain sugars) and Haworth projections (sugars in their ring forms). I also briefly mention the idea of anomers as a class of epimers, which are a specific class of diastereomers.

Diastereomers are stereoisomers that differ in at least one, but not all chiral centers.
Epimers are stereoisomers that differ at only one chiral center (they are a subclass of diastereomers).
Anomers are stereoisomers that differ at only one chiral center when that chiral center is specifically the anomeric carbon, the stereocenter that forms when a sugar forms a ring. Anomers are a subclass of epimers.

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