Metabolism of a Cell – Introduction to Biology – 5.10

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I have a slow metabolism… That’s why I’m fat. Justin timberlake has a fast metabolism and that’s why he is skinny. Everyone has a metabolism… Including cells! What’s going on everybody? My name is Jack Jenkins and this is Academy of One. Today we are talking about cell metabolism. First off, what is metabolism? Metabolism are all the life-sustaining chemical reactions cells do. With metabolism, the cell will gain the energy to preform all the things cells like to do including growing, reproducing and digestion. A lot of metabolic reactions are linked in chains called metabolic pathways. Within a metabolic pathway, the reactant molecule is modified by a catalyst, more specifically enzymes. This will give us a modified product. That modified product will serve as the reactant in the next reaction and turns into an even more modified product. This goes on till the cell gets tired. It’s like typing recursion into Google and seeing how long you can click it before you get tired. Metabolism can be broken down into two groups: catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that break big molecules into smaller ones. This breaking apart creates energy. Sugar is digested with catabolism. The polysaccharides will break apart until they become monosaccharides. You don’t remember your carbohydrates? Then I highly recommend you watch video 4.3 as a quick refresher… Also tell your friends to do it too… Or else I’ll hurt you! If catabolism breaks down molecules than it would only make sense that anabolism builds them up. Anabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that create big molecules from smaller ones. Where catabolism creates energy, anabolism requires energy in order to form the molecules. Let’s say you’re pumping it in the gym. Just getting yakked. What’s causing your muscles to get bigger is the anabolism of proteins that make your muscles bigger. As a side note, you’ve probably heard about anabolism in the form of anabolic steroids. These just promote protein synthesis in a very unhealthy way. Don’t take steroids. Sometimes things go a little awry at the metabolism factory. Sometimes too many enzymes can create a metabolic imbalance. This is where enzyme inhibitors come in. Enzyme inhibitors are molecules that bind to enzymes to decrease their activity. Like how you hug a violent dog in-order to calm it down… Wait… You’re not supposed to do that? Hopefully my niece doesn’t see any angry dogs… There are two types of enzyme inhabitation: Competitive and noncompetitive. Competitive inhibition is when the molecule binds to an active site on an enzyme. The active site is where the enzyme binds to a molecule, known as a substrate. Noncompetitive inhibition is when the molecule binds to the inhibitor site on the enzyme. This will confuse the enzyme and make the enzyme less able to catalyze the reaction. Well, that’s a wrap for this quick video on cell metabolism. In the next one we will talk about photosynthesis, which is how plant cells get there energy. Alright so go ahead and visit the… You guys know what to do by now. Just go outside and don’t hug a violent dog. I said don’t!