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Apitherapy is the medical use of honey bee products. This can include the use of honey, pollen, bee bread, propolis, royal jelly and bee venom.
Most claims of apitherapy have not been proved to the scientific standards of evidence-based medicine and are anecdotal in nature. A wide variety of conditions and diseases have been suggested by believers in the therapy as candidates for it, the most well-known being bee venom therapy for autoimmune diseases and multiple sclerosis.
The exact origins of apitherapy are difficult to pinpoint and can be traced back, in a general sense, to ancient Egypt, Greece, and China. Use of honey and other bee products can be traced back thousands of years and healing properties are included in many religious texts including the Veda, Bible, and Quran. These are mostly attributed to nutritional benefits of consumption of bee-products and not use of bee venom.

The more modern study of apitherapy, specifically bee venom, was initiated through the efforts of Austrian physician Phillip Terc in his published results “Report about a Peculiar Connection Between the Bee stings and Rheumatism” in 1888. More recent popularity can be drawn to Charles Mraz (1905–1999) a beekeeper from Vermont, United States over the past 60 years
Apitoxin, or honey bee venom, is a bitter colourless liquid; its active portion a mixture of proteins, which causes local inflammation and acts as an anticoagulant. A honeybee can inject 0.1 mg of venom via its stinger. It may have similarities to sea nettle toxin.
The main component is melittin amounting to 52% of venom peptides.
Apamin increases cortisol production in the adrenal gland. Apamin is a mild neurotoxin.
Adolapin,[3] contributing 2–5% of the peptides, acts as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic because it blocks cyclooxygenase.
Phospholipase A2 amounts to 10–12% of peptides and it is the most destructive component of apitoxin. It is an enzyme which degrades the phospholipids which cellular membranes are made of. It also causes decreased blood pressure and inhibits blood coagulation. Phospholipase A2 activates arachidonic acid which is metabolized in the cyclooxygenase-cycle to form prostaglandins. Prostaglandins regulate the body’s inflammatory response.
Hyaluronidase contributing 1–3% of peptides dilates the capillaries causing the spread of inflammation.
Histamine contributing 0.5–2% and is involved in the allergic response.
Dopamine and noradrenaline which contribute 1–2% increase pulse rate.
Protease-inhibitors contribute 2% and act as anti-inflammatory agents and stop bleeding.
Tertiapin.
More info at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apitoxin

Juan Gonzalo Angel
www.tvagro.tv