[Latin Name] Haematococcus Pluvialis

[Plant Source] from China

[Specifications]1% 2% 3% 5%

[Appearance] Dark red Powder

[Particle size] 80 Mesh

[Loss on drying] ≤5.0%

[Heavy Metal] ≤10PPM

[Storage] Store in cool & dry area, keep away from the direct light and heat.

[Shelf life] 24 Months

[Package] Packed in paper-drums and two plastic-bags inside.

[Net weight] 25kgs/drum

Brief Introduction

Astaxanthin is a natural nutritional component, it can be found as a food supplement. The supplement is intended for human, animal, and aquaculture consumption.

Astaxanthin is a carotenoid. It belongs to a larger class of phytochemicals known as terpenes, which are built from five carbon precursors; isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate . Astaxanthin is classified as a xanthophyll (originally derived from a word meaning “yellow leaves” since yellow plant leaf pigments were the first recognized of the xanthophyll family of carotenoids), but currently employed to describe carotenoid compounds that have oxygen-containing moities, hydroxyl or ketone , such as zeaxanthin and canthaxanthin. Indeed, astaxanthin is a metabolite of zeaxanthin and/or canthaxanthin, containing both hydroxyl and ketone functional groups. Like many carotenoids, astaxanthin is a colorful, lipid-soluble pigment. This colour is due to the extended chain of conjugated (alternating double and single) double bonds at the centre of the compound. This chain of conjugated double bonds is also responsible for the antioxidant function of astaxanthin (as well as other carotenoids) as it results in a region of decentralized electrons that can be donated to reduce a reactive oxidizing molecule.

Function:

1.Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant and may protect against oxidative damage to body tissues.

2.Astaxanthin can improve the immune response by increasing the number of antibody producing cells.

3.Astaxanthin is a potential candidate to treat neurodegenerative disease such as Alzhimer and Parkinson diease.

4.Astaxanthin dan reduce UVA-light damage to skin such as sunburn, inflammation, ageing and skin cancer.

Application

1.When applied in pharmaceutical field, astaxanthin powder has the good function of antineoplastic;

2.When applied in health food field, astaxanthin powder is used as food additives for pigment and health care;

3.When applied in cosmetic field, astaxanthin powder has the good function of antioxidant and anti-aging;

4.When applied in animal feeds field, astaxanthin powder is used as animal feed additive to impart coloration, including farm-raised salmon and egg yolks.

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The book presents a comprehensive, systematic and authoritative survey of information about a family of chemically related, but functionally diverse, naturally occurring polysaccharidesthe (1-3)-glucans. International contributors describe the chemical and physicochemical properties of these glucans and their derivatives and the molecular biological and structural aspects of the enzymes involved in their formation and breakdown. A detailed analysis of their physiological roles in the various biological situations in which they are found will be provided. Additionally, evolutionary relationships among the family of these glucans will be described.* Topics of medical relevance include detailing the glucans’ interactions with the immune system and research for cancer therapy applications* Web resource links allow scientists to explore additional beta glucan research* Separate indexes divided into Species and Subject for enhanced searchability

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Bacterial CultureMediabasics Dr.T.V.Rao MD
,Major Contribution to Culture Media ,Agar – Agar Frau Hesse’scontribution ,Agar – Agar Solid medium is made by adding Agar
Agar is obtained from Sea weeds New Zealand agar is more Agar contain long chain poly saccharides.Inoranic salts and protein like substance Melts at 980c and sets at 420c ,Agar – Agar Complex polysaccharide
Used as solidifying agent for culture media in Petri plates, slants, and deeps Generally not metabolized by microbes Liquefies at 98°C Solidifies ~42°C Dr.T.V.Rao MD’s ‘e’ learning series ,Media and Culture Media: Nutrients (agar, pH indicators, proteins and carbohydrates) used to grow organisms outside of their natural habitats
Culture: The propagation of microorganisms using various media ,Culture media Used to grow bacteria
Can be used to: Enrich the numbers of bacteria
Select for certain bacteria and suppress others Differentiate among different kinds of bacteria ,Culture and Medium Culture is the term given to microorganisms that are cultivated in the lab for the purpose of identifying and studying them.
Medium is the term given to the combination of ingredients that will support the growth and cultivation of microorganisms by providing all the essential nutrients required for the growth (that is, multiplication) in order to cultivate these microorganisms in large numbers to study them. ,Specific Media Defined media are media composed of pure ingredients in carefully measured concentrations dissolved in double distilled water i.e., the exact chemical composition of the medium is known. Typically, they contain a simple sugar as the carbon and energy source, an inorganic nitrogen source, various mineral salts and if necessary growth factors (purified amino acids, vitamins, purines and pyrimidines
,Need for Culture Media It is usually essential to obtain a culture by grwoing the organism in an artificial medium.
If more than one species or type of organism are present each requires to be carefully separated or isolated in pure culture. Several organism need the determination of Antibiotic sensitivity pattern for optimal antibiotic selection ,Basic requirements of culture media Nutrients – Energy source – Carbon source – Nitrogen source Mineral salts – Sulphate, phosphates, chlorides & carbonates of K, Mg & Ca. A suitable pH – 7.2 – 7.4 Accessory growth factors – Tryptophan for Salmonella typhi – X & V factors for H. influenzae
,Pouring the Culture Plates ,Petri dish with Media Plate: provide large surface for isolation and observation of colonies
Using a sterile loop or a sterile swab streak your sample on the petri plate Important let your sterilized loop cool before you pick up your sample ,Classification of Culture media Based on the consistency:Liquid — Peptone water, Nutrient broth Semisolid — Nutrient agar stabsSolid — Blood agar, Serum agar Based on Oxygen requirement: — Aerobic medium — Anaerobic media
,Aerobic Media Simple media Complex mediaMay be Synthetic or Defined Medium – Enriched media – Differential media – Enrichment media – Selective media Semisyntetic Medium – Sugar media – Transport media
,Aerobic media Liquid media – Peptone water(1% peptone +0.5%Nacl + 100 ml water)- Nutrient broth ( peptone water + 1% meat extract Solid media- Nutrient agar (nutrient broth + 2% Agar) Use: To grow non-fastidious microorganisms Simple media- consists of only basic necessities
,Liquid Medium Difficulat to identify all types of organisms
Suitable for isolation of bacteria from Blood culturing and water analysis ,Peptone Peptone contain partially digested proteins
Proteases Polypeptides Aminoacids Inorganic salts Phosphates Potassium and Magnesium Riboflavin Meat exract called as Lab lemco ,Nutrient Agar Contain 2% ag