[Latin Name] Brassica oleracea L.var.italica L.

[Plant Source] from China

[Specifications]10:1

[Appearance] Light green to green powder

Plant Part Used: whole plant

[Particle size] 60 Mesh

[Loss on drying] ≤8.0%

[Heavy Metal] ≤10PPM

[Storage] Store in cool & dry area, keep away from the direct light and heat.

[Shelf life] 24 Months

[Package] Packed in paper-drums and two plastic-bags inside.

[Net weight] 25kgs/drum

Broccoli is a member of the cabbage family, and is closely related to cauliflower. Its cultivation originated in Italy. Broccolo, its Italian name, means “cabbage sprout.” Because of its different components, broccoli provides a range of tastes and textures, from soft and flowery (the floret) to fibrous and crunchy (the stem and stalk). Broccoli contains glucosinolates, phytochemicals which break down to compounds called indoles and isothiocyanates (such as sulphoraphane). Broccoli also contains the carotenoid, lutein. Broccoli is an excellent source of the vitamins K, C, and A, as well as folate and fiber. Broccoli is a very good source of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and the vitamins B6 and E.

Main Function

(1).With the function of anti-cancer, and effectively improving capability of blood scavenging;

(2).Having the great effect to prevent and regulate hypertension;

(3).With the function of enhancing liver detoxification, improve immunity;

(4).With the function of reducing blood sugar and cholesterol.

4. Application

(1).As drugs raw materials of anti-cancer, it is mainly used in pharmaceutical field;

(2).Applied in health product field, it can be used as raw material in health food, the purpose is to enhance immunity

(3).Applied in food fields, it is widely used as functional food additive.

One of the things I found so fascinating about Steve Cook is that he is a bodybuilder who truly bridges the gap between mainstream fitness and bodybuilding. Just take a quick look at his social media or any venture he goes on… Steve Cook makes bodybuilding seem relatable to “normal fitness” people. But don’t for a second think that means Steve Cook isn’t a hardcore bodybuilder. This guy knows his stuff and that became even more clear when I had a chance to interview him for Generation Iron 2. In these extended moments unable to fit into the film – I talk to Steve Cook about the future of steroids in bodybuilding, whether or not it is actually a sport, and why he decided to stop competing back in 2014. You can watch it all in our latest episode above.

- Vlad Yudin

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1. Contact me at kgahern@davincipress.com / Friend me on Facebook (kevin.g.ahern)
2. Download my free biochemistry book at https://biochem.science.oregonstate.edu/biochemistry-free-and-easy
3. Take my free iTunes U course at https://itunes.apple.com/us/course/biochemistry/id556410409
4. Check out my free book for pre-meds at https://biochem.science.oregonstate.edu/biochemistry-free-and-easy
5. Course video channel at https://www.youtube.com/user/oharow/videos?view=1
6. Check out all of my free workshops at https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLlnFrNM93wqyTiCLZKehU1Tp8rNmnOWYB&feature=view_all
7. Check out my Metabolic Melodies at https://www.davincipress.com/metabmelodies.html
8. Take my courses for credit (wherever you live) via OSU’s ecampus. For details, see https://ecampus.oregonstate.edu/soc/ecatalog/ecourselist.htm?termcode=all&subject=BB
9. Course materials at https://oregonstate.edu/instruct/bb350

Lecture Highlights
Energy II

1. Metabolic pathways (metabolism = chemical reactions of cells) are usually either catabolic (large molecules broken down to smaller ones) or anabolic (smaller molecules built up into larger ones).

2. Catabolic pathways usually involve oxidation and release energy. Anabolic pathways usually involve reduction and require energy.

3. NAD+ gains electrons from an oxidation reaction to become NADH. Electron carriers are essential for biological oxidations. FAD gains electrons from an oxidation reaction to become FADH2.

4. For every oxidation (loss of electrons) there is a reduction (gain of electrons). NAD+, NADP+, and FAD are common acceptors of electrons. Biological molecules are common sources of electrons (as well as acceptors of electrons, depending on the reaction).

5. Electron carriers must be recycled in the cell.

Highlights Carbohydrates

1. Carbohydrates are sugar-related compounds (also called saccharides). They are polyhydroxyaldehydes and polyhydroxyketones with the general formula CnH2nOn (though there are exceptions). The suffix ‘ose’ is put at the end of a molecular name to indicate it is a carbohydrate. An aldehyde sugar, such as glucose, is thus an aldose. A ketone sugar, such as fructose, is thus a ketose.

2. The prefixes ‘tri’, ‘tetr’, ‘pent’, ‘hex’, ‘hept’, and ‘oct’ are prefixes for monosaccharides with 3,4,5,6,7, or 8 carbons, respectively. A monosaccharide has only one sugar subunit. Glucose and fructose are monosaccharides. Sucrose (subunits of glucose AND fructose) is a disaccharide. Glycogen, which is a polymer of thousands of subunits of glucose, is a polysaccharide.

3. Combinations of the names are possible – fructose is a ketohexose, glucose is an aldohexose, ribose is an aldopentose. Glyceraldehyde is an aldotriose, etc.

4. Asymmetric carbon centers give rise to stereoismers. D-glyceraldehyde and L-glyceraldehyde are mirror images of each other. Stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other are called enantiomers. Stereoisomers that are NOT mirror images of each other are called diastereomers.

5. A Fischer projection is a stick figure representation of a sugar. By convention, the D isomer of a sugar is indicated by a hydroxyl on the right side on the next to the bottom carbon in a Fischer projection. The L form of a sugar (like L-glucose) differs from the D form of a sugar of the same name (like D-glucose) in that the two are mirror images of each other.

6. The geometry of covalent bonds of carbon allows 5 and 6 membered rings to readily form in aldoses and ketoses. Ring structures of sugars are commonly drawn in the Haworth format.

7. Formation of a ring by a sugar creates a new asymmetric carbon called an anomeric carbon. Note that the anomeric carbon will ALWAYS be the carbon that had the aldehyde of ketone group. Note also that when the hydroxyl group of the anomeric carbon is drawn in the up position, it is called the ‘beta’ form, whereas when the hydroxyl is in the down position, it is called ‘alpha’.

8. You should be able to draw glucose, fructose, galactose, and ribose in Haworth and Fischer projections.

9. Reduction of the aldehye or ketone structure of a sugar can lead to compounds like sorbitol that are sometimes called sugar alcohols.