[Latin Name] Haematococcus Pluvialis

[Plant Source] from China

[Specifications]1% 2% 3% 5%

[Appearance] Dark red Powder

[Particle size] 80 Mesh

[Loss on drying] ≤5.0%

[Heavy Metal] ≤10PPM

[Storage] Store in cool & dry area, keep away from the direct light and heat.

[Shelf life] 24 Months

[Package] Packed in paper-drums and two plastic-bags inside.

[Net weight] 25kgs/drum

Brief Introduction

Astaxanthin is a natural nutritional component, it can be found as a food supplement. The supplement is intended for human, animal, and aquaculture consumption.

Astaxanthin is a carotenoid. It belongs to a larger class of phytochemicals known as terpenes, which are built from five carbon precursors; isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate . Astaxanthin is classified as a xanthophyll (originally derived from a word meaning “yellow leaves” since yellow plant leaf pigments were the first recognized of the xanthophyll family of carotenoids), but currently employed to describe carotenoid compounds that have oxygen-containing moities, hydroxyl or ketone , such as zeaxanthin and canthaxanthin. Indeed, astaxanthin is a metabolite of zeaxanthin and/or canthaxanthin, containing both hydroxyl and ketone functional groups. Like many carotenoids, astaxanthin is a colorful, lipid-soluble pigment. This colour is due to the extended chain of conjugated (alternating double and single) double bonds at the centre of the compound. This chain of conjugated double bonds is also responsible for the antioxidant function of astaxanthin (as well as other carotenoids) as it results in a region of decentralized electrons that can be donated to reduce a reactive oxidizing molecule.

Function:

1.Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant and may protect against oxidative damage to body tissues.

2.Astaxanthin can improve the immune response by increasing the number of antibody producing cells.

3.Astaxanthin is a potential candidate to treat neurodegenerative disease such as Alzhimer and Parkinson diease.

4.Astaxanthin dan reduce UVA-light damage to skin such as sunburn, inflammation, ageing and skin cancer.

Application

1.When applied in pharmaceutical field, astaxanthin powder has the good function of antineoplastic;

2.When applied in health food field, astaxanthin powder is used as food additives for pigment and health care;

3.When applied in cosmetic field, astaxanthin powder has the good function of antioxidant and anti-aging;

4.When applied in animal feeds field, astaxanthin powder is used as animal feed additive to impart coloration, including farm-raised salmon and egg yolks.

Effects of inbreeding and herbivory over generations in Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense L). Co-authors: Sarah Scanlon, Mark Mescher, Consuelo Demoraes and Andrew G. Stephenson

The effects of inbreeding depression are reported to be stronger in species that typically outcross than in species that typically self (Johnston and Schoen, 1996); moreover, the effects of inbreeding can vary among families within populations (Dudash et al., 1997). However, there is little information regarding the long-term effects of inbreeding depression in wild plant populations across multiple generations under natural conditions. This study investigated differences between inbred and outbred progeny from 8 maternal families of Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense L) in fitness, susceptibility to herbivory, and production of new sprouts. Sixteen plants—one inbred and one outbred progeny from each family—all carrying a different combination of self incompatibility alleles (Variants of the Polymorphic S locus) were planted in each of 2 fields in 2008, and data on fruit number, seeds per fruit, and overall fitness was collected. After the first growing season, plants overwintered and new sprouts emerged in early summer 2009. Data on time of sprouting, number of sprouts, leaf damage, and number of fruits, seeds/fruit and overall fitness was collected for the second generation. To examine how herbivory differentially affected the fitness of inbred and outbred progenies, one of the fields was sprayed with the contact insecticide Carbaryl 0.05% four times during the growing season. Genomic DNA was extracted and amplified from leaf samples of the new sprouts and self incompatibility alleles were identified to determine parentage. We found that (1) outbreds (both parents and second generation sprouts) produced significantly higher number of fruits and seeds, and had better fitness than inbreds, (2) outbred parents produced significantly higher numbers of new sprouts in the second generation and their sprouts germinated at least 2-3 days earlier, (3) both inbreds and outbreds from the sprayed field produced higher number of fruits and seeds, but (4) herbivory had a greater impact on the fruit production and fitness of outbred progeny.

John from https://www.growingyourgreens.com/ takes a organic bee keeping class to learn how to keep bees naturally without the use of chemicals and smokers. In this episode you will learn about three different types of hives, and which is best to keep bees so they will be more calm. In addition, John will share the best way to get a new colony of bees going. You will also learn about Organic Beekeeping 101, which is one of the best DVDs to purchase if you want to start organic beekeeping.