[Latin Name] Tribulus terrestris

[Specification] Saponins 90%

[Appearance] Brown powder

Plant Part Used: Fruit

[Particle size] 80Mesh

[Loss on drying] ≤5.0%

[Heavy Metal] ≤10PPM

[Storage] Store in cool & dry area, keep away from the direct light and heat.

[Shelf life] 24 Months

[Package] Packed in paper-drums and two plastic-bags inside.

[Net weight] 25kgs/drum

[What is Tribulus terrestris?]

Tribulus terrestris is a vine that has been used as a general tonic (energy) and herbal treatment for impotence, but is found primarily in dietary supplements marketed for increasing testosterone levels in bodybuilders and power athletes. The idea behind tribulus is that it may increase testosterone levels indirectly by raising blood levels of another hormone, luteinizing hormone.

[Function]

1) Enhance men’s sexual ability.

2) Relieving muscle spasm and cramps;
3) Anti-myocardial ischemia and cerebral ischemia;
4) Relieving stress , regulating blood fat, and reducing cholesterol;
5) Promoting sex gland hormones;
6) Anti-aging and anti cancer;
7) Diuretic, anti-calculus of the urethra, reducing the risk of urinary stone disease and disorder;
8) Promoting muscle growth efficiently, helping the body to be strong and letting muscle to play potential role.

Moof’s Medical Biochemistry Video Course: https://moof-university.thinkific.com/courses/medical-biochemistry-for-usmle-step-1-exam

Questions Answered in This Video:

- What are lipids? How are lipids defined?
- Are lipids fats?
- How can lipids be classified? What are the different types or classes of lipids?
- What are the different functions of lipids?
- How do lipids relate or different from the other classes of macromolecules?
- What are the monomers and polymers of lipids?

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Video Content Summary:

In this video, I begin the introduction to lipids, what they are, what kinds there are, and what their functions are.

A common misconception is that lipids are fats. Though fats are lipids, not all lipids are fats. Lipids are defined, essentially, as molecules that are mostly nonpolar or hydrophobic, and, thus, insoluble in water, at least for the most part. Many lipids, however, are amphipathic or amphiphilic because they have some hydrophobic (nonpolar) and some hydrophilic (polar) portions.

The functions of lipids vary widely. Some lipids can store energy and/or be used as fuel. Some make up membranes and are known as membrane lipids. Some can act as hormones, and hormones are signaling molecules. Others are key nutrients, as some vitamins are lipids, though that’s not discussed much in this video or the rest of the videos in this series.

Lipids are set apart from the other classes of macromolecules – carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids – because they do not have monomers or polymers in the way that the other three do. Carbohydrate monomers are monosaccharides, and their polymers are polysaccharides. For proteins, the monomers are amino acids, and the polymers are polypeptides, which can fold and become functional proteins. Nucleic acids have nucleotide monomers, and polynucleotide polymers, which are simply called nucleic acids. With lipids, this set-up isn’t the case. There aren’t any monomeric or polymeric units. This is something that is seen when discussing the specific structures of other lipids in the other videos of this lipid series.

The lipids mentioned in this video are 1) free fatty acids 2) triacylglycerols or triglycerides 3) phospholipids 4) sphingolipid 5) glycolipids 6) steroids. Free fatty acids are the simplest lipid, and they are used for fuel, as they can be broken down for energy via beta oxidation, or they can be created via fatty acid synthesis. Triacylglycerols or triglycerides are two names for the same thing, and they are used for fuel storage — they are a key storage form of energy in cells. Phospholipids, sphingolipids, and glycolipids are all membrane lipids because they all show up are membrane components. Phospholipids have phosphate groups, sphingolipids, have a sphingosine backbone, and glycolipids have sugar moieties attached to them. Steroids, finally, are important in membranes and as hormones or signaling molecules.

Extraction 2: Self Subjection Release, nr 1
Sound extraction by Dr. Shinto
Direction of physics by Dr. Shinto
Objectification of Datura by Cora Watson
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