[Latin Name] Epimedium sagittatnm Maxim

[Plant Source] Leaf

[Specification] Icariin 10% 20% 40% 50%

[Appearance] Light yellow fine powder

Plant Part Used: Leaf

[Particle size]80Mesh

[Loss on drying] ≤5.0%

[Heavy Metal] ≤10PPM

[Pesticide residue] EC396-2005, USP 34, EP 8.0, FDA

[Storage] Store in cool & dry area, keep away from the direct light and heat.

[Shelf life] 24 Months

[Package] Packed in paper-drums and two plastic-bags inside.

[Net weight] 25kgs/drum

[What is Epimedium?]

Epimedium extract is a popular aphrodisiac supplement and herbal sexual performance enhancer.It has a long history of traditional use in China for the alleviation of erectile dysfunction and for improving libido and fertility.

Also known as Horny Goat Weed, this supplement supposedly got its name after a farmer noticed that his flock of goats were particularly aroused after eating flowers of a specific type. These Epimedium flowers contain icariin, which is a natural compound that increases blood flow to sexual organs and promotes sex drive. Icariin has been found to increase Nitric Oxide synthesis as well as inhibiting the activity of the PDE-5 enzyme

[Icariin in Epimedium Extract]

Epimedium extracts powder contain an active phytochemical called icariin.Icariin has been observed to exhibit a number of useful traits, including renoprotective (liver protecting) hepatoprotective (kidney protecting), cardioprotective (heart protecting) and neuroprotective (brain protecting) effects.

It is also an antioxidant and can cause vasodilation. It exhibits antimicrobial characteristics and is thought to act as an aphrodisiac.

Icariin is classified as a flavonol glycoside, which is a type of flavonoid. Specifically, icariin is the 8-prenyl derivation of kaempferol 3,7-O-diglucoside, a prevalent and important flavonoid.

[Function]

1. Combat mental and physical fatigue;

2. Induce vasodilation and improve circulation;

3. Lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients;

4. Improve symptoms of erectile dysfunction (ED) through its action as a PDE5  inhibitor;

5. Improve the use of free testosterone in the blood;

6. Increase libido;

7. Alleviate symptoms of depression and stimulate improved cognitive function;

8. Protect against neurological degeneration.

Found an amazing vid that shows every bit of happenings inside a cell with bright and vivid graphic presentation.

Notes:
Cell – the smallest unit of life. It takes up useful molecules and gets rid of waste molecules. It breaks down larger molecules to produce usable energy in the form of ATP molecules, where energy was stored, to synthesize other larger molecules. Big molecules are CONSTANTLY being breaking down into small molecules and the pieces used to make big molecules again, a process called ‘turnover’.

Selectin – any of a family of sugar-binding lectins that are found on the surface of cells (as endothelial cells and white blood cells) and that promote their adhesion to other cells and mediate their migration to sites of inflammation.

Leukocytes – white blood cell

Chemokine – any of a group of chemotactic cytokines that are produced by various cells (as at sites of inflammation), that are thought to provide directional cues for the movement of white blood cells (as T cells, monocytes, and neutrophils), and that include some playing a role in HIV infection because the cell surface receptors to which they bind are also used by specific strains of HIV for entry into cells.

Proteoglycan – any of a class of glycoproteins of high molecular weight that are found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue, are made up mostly of carbohydrate consisting of various polysaccharide side chains linked to a protein, and resemble polysaccharides rather than proteins in their properties.

2 classes of receptors –
Ligand-gated ion channel
G protein-coupled receptor

Mitochondria – an organelle which break down nutrients such as glucose and provide the cell with energy to perform its function.

Membrane – defines the boundary of the cell and consists of a double layer of fatlike lipid molecules. Embedded in the membrane are a variety of protein molecules that have special functions.

Microtubule – a long strand of bundles of protein filaments arranged around a hollow core; part of the cytoskeleton and involved in transporting substances from place to place within a cell.

G-protein – a protein coupled to a metabotropic receptor. When a molecule of the neurotransmitter binds with the receptor, the receptor activates a G protein situated inside the membrane next to the receptor.

Cited:
Almon, Richard. Drugs, Stress, and Human Function. Cognella, Inc., 2013. USA

Carlson, Neil R., Foundations of Behavioral Neuroscience, 9th ed. Pearson, 2014. USA

U.S. National Library of Medicine, MedLine Plus, https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/

(I do not own this video)

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