[Dzina lachilatini]Huperzia serratum

[Source] Huperziceae therere lonse laku China

[Maonekedwe]Wofiirira mpaka woyera

[Zopangira]Huperzine A

[Matchulidwe]Huperzine A 1% - 5%, HPLC

[Kusungunuka] Kusungunuka mu chloroform, methanol, ethanol, kusungunuka pang'ono m'madzi

[Kukula kwa kachigawo] 80 Mesh

[Kutaya pakuyanika] ≤5.0%

[Chitsulo Cholemera] ≤10PPM

[Zotsalira za mankhwala] EC396-2005, USP 34, EP 8.0, FDA

[Kusungirako] Sungani pamalo ozizira komanso owuma, khalani kutali ndi kuwala kwachindunji ndi kutentha.

[Moyo wa alumali] Miyezi 24

[Phukusi] Odzaza ndi mapepala-ng'oma ndi matumba awiri apulasitiki mkati.

[Huperzine A ndi chiyani?

Huperzia ndi mtundu wa moss womwe umamera ku China. Zimagwirizana ndi mosses zamakalabu (banja la Lycopodiaceae) ndipo akatswiri ena amadzimadzi amadziwika kuti Lycopodium serratum. Moss yonse yokonzedwa idagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamwambo. Kukonzekera kwa zitsamba zamakono kumagwiritsa ntchito alkaloid yokhayokha yomwe imadziwika kuti huperzine A. Huperzine A ndi alkaloid yomwe imapezeka mu huperzia yomwe yanenedwa kuti imalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa acetylcholine, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimafunika ndi dongosolo lamanjenje kuti lipereke chidziwitso kuchokera ku selo kupita ku selo. Kafukufuku wa zinyama wasonyeza kuti mphamvu ya huperzine A yosunga acetylcholine ingakhale yaikulu kuposa ya mankhwala ena olembedwa ndi dokotala. Kutayika kwa ntchito ya acetylcholine ndi gawo loyamba la zovuta zingapo za ubongo, kuphatikizapo matenda a Alzheimer's. Huperzine A itha kukhalanso ndi chitetezo paminyewa yaubongo, ndikuwonjezera kuthekera kwake kothandizira kuchepetsa zizindikiro za zovuta zina zaubongo.

[Ntchito] Yogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse, huperzine A yapezedwa kuti imakhala ngati cholinesterase inhibitor, mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kusweka kwa acetylcholine (mankhwala ofunikira pophunzira ndi kukumbukira).

Osagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo cha matenda a Alzheimer's, huperzine A imanenedwanso kuti imathandizira kuphunzira ndi kukumbukira komanso kuteteza ku kuchepa kwa chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi ukalamba.

Kuonjezera apo, huperzine A nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa mphamvu, kuonjezera tcheru, ndi kuthandizira kuchiza myasthenia gravis (matenda a autoimmune omwe amakhudza minofu).

Kanemayu akukuwonetsani momwe mungatchulire Japan

Chemistry playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_hX5wLdhf_KyuOalV6rwHjo810Zaa6xq

zambiri pa https://scitech.quickfound.net/

Mwachidule momwe mapulasitiki & mphira opangira amapangidwira.

Kukwezeranso filimu yomwe idakwezedwa m'mbuyomu yokhala ndi kanema komanso mawu abwino.

Kanema wapagulu wapagulu kuchokera ku Library of Congress Prelinger Archives, wodulidwa pang'ono kuti achotse m'mphepete mwake, ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe, ndikuwongolera kowala kwamtundu umodzi & kuchepetsa phokoso lamavidiyo.
Nyimboyi idakonzedwanso ndi kusintha kwa voliyumu, kuchepetsa phokoso, kuchepetsa kudulidwa, ndi / kapena kufananiza (kumveka komwe kumatsatira, ngakhale sikokwanira, kumakhala phokoso locheperako kuposa loyambirira).

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer

Polima ndi molekyulu yayikulu (macromolecule) yopangidwa ndi mayunitsi obwerezabwereza. Ma sub-units awa amalumikizidwa ndi ma covalent chemical bond. Ngakhale mawu akuti polima nthawi zina amatanthawuza mapulasitiki, amaphatikiza gulu lalikulu lazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe komanso zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kodabwitsa kwa zida za polymeric, zimagwira ntchito yofunika komanso yopezeka paliponse m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Udindowu umachokera ku mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi ma elastomers odziwika mpaka ma biopolymer achilengedwe monga ma nucleic acid ndi mapuloteni omwe ndi ofunikira pamoyo.

Zida zachilengedwe za polymeric monga shellac, amber, ubweya, silika ndi mphira wachilengedwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Pali ma polima achilengedwe osiyanasiyana, monga cellulose, omwe ndi gawo lalikulu lamatabwa ndi mapepala. Mndandanda wa ma polima opangira amaphatikizapo mphira wopangira, Bakelite, neoprene, nayiloni, PVC, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, PVB, silikoni, ndi zina zambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, msana womwe umalumikizidwa mosalekeza wa polima womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapulasitiki umakhala ndi maatomu a carbon. Chitsanzo chophweka ndi polyethylene ('polythene' mu British English), yomwe unit yobwereza imachokera pa ethylene monomer. Komabe, zomanga zina zilipo; mwachitsanzo, zinthu monga silikoni zimapanga zida zodziwika bwino monga ma silicones, zitsanzo kukhala Silly Putty ndi zosindikizira zamadzi. Oxygen imapezekanso m'mafupa a polima, monga polyethylene glycol, polysaccharides (mu glycosidic bond), ndi DNA (mu phosphodiester bond).

Ma polima amaphunziridwa m'magawo a polymer chemistry, polymer physics, ndi polymer science…

Polymerization ndi njira yophatikizira mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono ambiri omwe amadziwika kuti ma monomers kukhala unyolo womangika kapena maukonde. Pa polymerization ndondomeko, magulu ena mankhwala akhoza kutayika aliyense monomer. Izi ndizochitika, mwachitsanzo, mu polymerization ya PET polyester. Ma monomers ndi terephthalic acid (HOOC-C6H4-COOH) ndi ethylene glycol (HO-CH2-CH2-OH) koma gawo lobwereza ndi -OC-C6H4-COO-CH2-CH2-O-, lomwe limafanana ndi kuphatikiza kwa monomers awiri ndi imfa ya mamolekyu awiri madzi. Chidutswa chosiyana cha monoma iliyonse chomwe chimaphatikizidwa mu polima chimadziwika ngati gawo lobwereza kapena zotsalira za monomer…

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_rubber

Rabara yopangira ndi mtundu uliwonse wa elastomer yochita kupanga, nthawi zonse ndi polima. Elastomer ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi makina (kapena zakuthupi) zomwe zimatha kupindika kwambiri zotanuka pansi pa kupsinjika kuposa zida zambiri ndikubwereranso kukula kwake popanda kusinthika kosatha. Pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 15 biliyoni a rubber amapangidwa chaka chilichonse, ndalama ziwiri pa zitatu ndizopanga…

Natural vs mphira wopangira

Labala wachilengedwe, wochokera ku latex, makamaka ndi poly-cis-isoprene wokhala ndi zonyansa. Ngakhale amawonetsa zinthu zambiri zabwino kwambiri, mphira wachilengedwe nthawi zambiri amakhala wotsika poyerekeza ndi mphira zopangira, makamaka pokhudzana ndi kukhazikika kwake kwamafuta komanso kugwirizana kwake ndi zinthu zamafuta.

Rabara yopangira imapangidwa ndi polymerization yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamafuta oyambira otchedwa monomers. Ma rubber opangidwa kwambiri ndi styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) ochokera ku copolymerization ya styrene ndi 1,3-butadiene. Zopangira zina zopangira mphira zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene), chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene), ndi isobutylene (methylpropene) yokhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka isoprene yolumikizirana. Ma monomers awa ndi ena amatha kusakanizidwa mosiyanasiyana kuti apange copolymerized kuti apange zinthu zosiyanasiyana zakuthupi, zamakina, komanso mankhwala. Ma monomers amatha kupangidwa mwangwiro ndipo kuwonjezera zonyansa kapena zowonjezera zitha kuwongoleredwa ndi mapangidwe kuti apereke zinthu zabwino. Ma polymerization a ma monomers oyera amatha kuyendetsedwa bwino kuti apereke gawo lomwe mukufuna la ma cis ndi ma trans double bond…