[Magaca Laatiinka]Huperzia serratum

[Isha] Huperziceae geedo dhan oo ka yimid Shiinaha

[Muuqaalka] Brown ilaa caddaan

[Waxyaabaha]Huperzine A

[Specification]Huperzine A 1% - 5%, HPLC

[Solubility] Ku milmay chloroform, methanol, ethanol, wax yar oo biyo ku milmay

[Qaybta qaybta] 80 Mesh

[khasaaraha qallajinta] ≤5.0%

[Bir culus] ≤10PPM

[Hadhaaga sunta cayayaanka] EC396-2005, USP 34, EP 8.0, FDA

[Kaydinta] Ku kaydi meel qabow & qalalan, ka fogow iftiinka tooska ah iyo kulaylka.

[Nolosha shelf] 24 bilood

[ Xidhmada] Ka buuxaan durbaanno waraaqo ah iyo laba bac oo gudaha ah.

Waa maxay Huperzine A

Huperzia waa nooc ka mid ah moss oo ka baxa Shiinaha. Waxay la xiriirtaa mosses naadiyada (qoyska Lycopodiaceae) waxaana loo yaqaan botanists qaar sida Lycopodium serratum. Moss-ka la diyaariyey oo dhan waxaa loo isticmaali jiray dhaqan ahaan. Diyaargarowga dhirta casriga ah waxay isticmaalaan kaliya alkaloid-ka go'doonsan ee loo yaqaan huperzine A. Huperzine A waa alkaloid laga helo huperzia kaas oo la soo sheegay si looga hortago burburka acetylcholine, walax muhiim ah oo loo baahan yahay habdhiska dareenka si uu u gudbiyo macluumaadka unug ilaa unug. Cilmi-baadhista xayawaanku waxay soo jeedisay in awoodda huperzine A ee lagu ilaaliyo acetylcholine laga yaabo inay ka weyn tahay ta daawooyinka dhakhtar qoray qaarkood. Luminta shaqada acetylcholine waa astaanta aasaasiga ah ee dhowr cilladood oo shaqada maskaxda ah, oo uu ku jiro cudurka Alzheimers. Huperzine A waxa kale oo laga yaabaa in ay saameyn ka hortag ah ku yeelato unugyada maskaxda, iyada oo sii kordhinaysa awooddeeda aragtiyeed ee caawinta dhimista calaamadaha cilladaha maskaxda qaarkood.

[Shaqada] Loo isticmaalo dawo kale, huperzine A ayaa la ogaaday inay u dhaqanto sida cholinesterase inhibitor, nooc daawo ah oo loo isticmaalo si looga hortago burburka acetylcholine (kiimiko muhiim u ah barashada iyo xusuusta).

Kaliya maahan in loo isticmaalo daawaynta cudurka Alzheimers, huperzine A ayaa sidoo kale la sheegay inay kor u qaaddo waxbarashada iyo xusuusta iyo inay ka ilaaliso hoos u dhaca garaadka da'da.

Intaa waxaa dheer, huperzine A waxaa mararka qaarkood loo isticmaalaa si kor loogu qaado tamarta, kordhinta feejignaanta, iyo caawinta daaweynta myasthenia gravis (xannuunka difaaca jirka oo saameeya muruqyada).

Muuqaalkani waxa uu ku tusayaa sida loogu dhawaaqo Japonica

Liistada Chemistry: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_hX5wLdhf_KyuOalV6rwHjo810Zaa6xq

Wax badan ka baro https://scitech.quickfound.net/

Dulmar guud oo ku saabsan sida balaastikada iyo caagadaha synthetic loo sameeyo.

Dib u soo rog filim hore loo shubay oo leh muuqaal iyo cod la hagaajiyay.

Filimka goobta dadweynaha ee Maktabada Congress-ka Prelinger Archives, wax yar ayaa la gooyay si meesha looga saaro cidhifyada aan sinnayn, iyada oo saamiga dhinaca la saxay, iyo sixitaanka midabka dhalaalka-isbarbardhigga iyo yaraynta dhawaaqa fiidyaha ee khafiifka ah ayaa la dabaqay.
Dhawaqa dhawaaqa waxa kale oo lagu farsameeyay habaynta mugga, dhimista qaylada, dhimista gooynta, iyo/ama isbarbardhigga (codka soo baxay, inkasta oo aanu kaamil ahayn, aad buu uga yar yahay kii asalka ahaa).

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer

polymer waa unug weyn (macromolecule) oo ka kooban unug dhismeed oo soo noqnoqda. Unug-hoosaadyadan waxaa sida caadiga ah ku xidhan curaarta kiimikaad ee covalent. Inkasta oo ereyga polymer mararka qaarkood loo qaato in loo tixraaco balaastigga, dhab ahaantii waxay ka kooban tahay fasal ballaaran oo xeryahooda ah oo ka kooban walxaha dabiiciga ah iyo kuwa synthetic oo leh noocyo kala duwan oo hanti ah.

Sababtoo ah noocyada aan caadiga ahayn ee alaabta polymeric, waxay ka ciyaaraan door lama huraan ah oo meel kasta ah nolol maalmeedka. Doorkani wuxuu u dhexeeyaa balaastikada la yaqaan ee synthetic iyo elastomers ilaa bioopolymers dabiiciga ah sida asiidhyada nucleic-ka iyo borotiinnada muhiimka u ah nolosha.

Qalabka polymeric ee dabiiciga ah sida shellac, amber, dhogorta, xariirta iyo caag dabiici ah ayaa la isticmaalay qarniyo. Noocyo kala duwan oo polymers dabiici ah ayaa jira, sida cellulose, oo ah qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee alwaax iyo warqad. Liiska polymers synthetic waxaa ka mid ah caag synthetic, Bakelite, neoprene, naylon, PVC, polystyrene, polyetylen, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, PVB, silicone, iyo kuwo kale oo badan.

Inta badan, laf-dhabarta joogtada ah ee polymer-ka ee loo isticmaalo diyaarinta balaastikada waxay ka kooban tahay inta badan atamka kaarboon. Tusaalaha fudud waa polyetylen ('polythene' ee Ingiriisi British), unug soo noqnoqda oo ku salaysan ethylene monomer. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhismayaal kale ayaa jira; tusaale ahaan, walxaha sida silikoonku waxay sameeyaan walxo caan ah sida silikoon, tusaale ahaan silly Putty iyo shaabadaynta biyaha aan biyaha lahayn. Ogsajiinta ayaa sidoo kale caadi ahaan ku jirta laf dhabarta polymer, sida kuwa polyetylen glycol, polysaccharides (oo ku jira bonds glycosidic), iyo DNA (oo ku jira bonds fosfodiester).

Polymers waxaa lagu bartaa maadooyinka kiimikada polymer, fiisigiska polymer, iyo sayniska polymer…

Polymerization waa habka isku dhafka molecules yar yar oo badan oo loo yaqaan monomers oo la geliyo silsilad si wadajir ah u xiran ama shabakad. Inta lagu jiro habka polymerization, kooxaha kiimikada qaarkood ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka lumaan monomer kasta. Tani waa kiiska, tusaale ahaan, polymerization of polyester PET. monomers-yadu waa terephthalic acid (HOOC-C6H4-COOH) iyo ethylene glycol (HO-CH2-CH2-OH) laakiin unugga soo noqnoqda waa -OC-C6H4-COO-CH2-CH2-O-, taas oo u dhiganta isku-darka laba monomers oo ay ka lumeen laba unug oo biyo ah. Qaybta kala duwan ee monomer kasta oo lagu daray polymer-ka waxaa loo yaqaannaa unugga soo noqnoqda ama hadhaaga monomer…

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_rubber

Caag synthetic ah waa nooc kasta oo elastomer macmal ah, had iyo jeer waa polymer. elastomer-ku waa shay leh makiinad (ama walxo) oo ay ku dhici karto qallafsanaan aad u badan oo laastikada ah marka loo eego maaddooyinka badankooda oo haddana ku soo noqda cabbirkoodii hore iyada oo aan cillad joogto ah lahayn. Qiyaastii 15 bilyan oo kiiloogaraam oo caag ah ayaa la soo saaraa sannadkii, iyo taas qaddarka saddex meelood laba meel waa synthetic…

Dabiiciga vs caag synthetic

Caag dabiici ah, oo ka yimid cinjirka, inta badan waa poly-cis-isoprene oo ka kooban raadad wasakh ah. Inkasta oo ay soo bandhigto waxyaabo badan oo aad u fiican, caag dabiici ah ayaa inta badan ka hooseeya caagadaha synthetic, gaar ahaan marka la eego xasilloonida kulaylka iyo ku habboonaanta alaabta batroolka.

Caag synthetic ah waxaa lagu sameeyaa polymerization ee noocyo kala duwan oo horudhac ku salaysan batroolka oo loo yaqaan monomers. Caagadaha synthetic ee ugu caansan waa styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBR) oo laga soo qaatay kobolymerization of styrene iyo 1,3-butadiene. Xirmooyinka kale ee synthetic waxaa laga soo diyaariyey isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene), chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene), iyo isobutylene (methylpropene) oo leh boqolkiiba yar oo isoprene ah oo isku-dhafan. Kuwan iyo monomers kale ayaa lagu qasi karaa qiyaaso kala duwan si loo kala saaro si loo soo saaro alaab leh noocyo kala duwan oo jireed, farsamo iyo kiimiko ah. monomer-yada waxaa la soo saari karaa saafi ah iyo ku darida wasakhda ama waxyaabaha lagu daro waxaa lagu xakameyn karaa naqshadeynta si loo siiyo sifooyin wanaagsan. Polymerization of monomers saafi ah ayaa si ka wanaagsan loo kontrooli karaa si loo siiyo saamiga la rabo ee cis iyo trans double bonds…