[Latin Name] Vaccinium myrtillus l.

[Plant Source] Wild bilberry fruit cultivated from Sweden & Finland

[Specifications]

1) Anthocyanidins 25% UV (Glycosyl removed)

2) Anthocyanins 25% HPLC

3) Anthocyanins 36% HPLC

[Particle size] 80 Mesh

[Loss on drying] ≤5.0%

[Heavy Metal] ≤10PPM

[Pesticide residue] EC396-2005, USP 34, EP 8.0, FDA

[Storage] Store in cool & dry area, keep away from the direct light and heat.

[Package] Packed in paper-drums and two plastic-bags inside.

[General feature]

1. 100% extracted from European bilberry fruit, approved ID test from ChromaDex andAlkemist Lab;

2.Without any adultery of other relative species of Berries,such as Blueberry,  Mulberry,Cranberry,etc;

3. Pesticide residue: EC396-2005, USP 34, EP 8.0, FDA

4. Directly import the frozen fruit from North Europe;

5. Perfect water solubility,water insolubles<1.0%
6. Chromatographic fingerprint match EP6 requirement

[What is bilberry fruit]

Bilberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus L.) is a kind of perennial deciduous or evergreen fruit shrubs, mainly found in subarctic regions of the world as in Sweden, Finland and Ukraine, etc. Bilberries contain dense levels of anthocyanin pigments, which was said popularly to have been used by World War II RAF pilots to sharpen night vision. In fork medicine, Europeans have been taking bilberry for a hundred years. Bilberry extracts entered the healthcare market as a kind of dietary supplement for effects on vision enhancement and visual fatigue relief.

[Function]

Protect and regenerate rhodopsin and cure the eye diseases;

Prevent the cardiovascular diseases

Antioxidant and anti-aging

Softening blood capillary, enhancing the heart function and resisting cancer

Die Ginseng Radix ist eine Pflanzendroge, die von der Wurzel des Ginseng 6-7 Jahre nach der Kultivierung der Pflanze durch das Herausreißen der Pflanze meist mitte September gewonnen wird. Der Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.) ist eine in koreanischen, chinesischen und sibirischen Berg- und Waldregionen vorkommende 30-60 cm hohe Pflanze. In diesen Regionen wird Ginseng seit Jahrtausenden als Heilpflanze eingesetzt. Je nach Aufarbeitung der Wurzel werden verschiedene Arten der Pflanzendroge erhalten.

https://wiki.naturstoff.net/pflanzendrogen_und_extrakte/ginseng_radix

Ginsenoside sind Saponine, welche aus der Ginsengwurzel gewonnen werden. Ginsenoside sind die Glycoside des Protopanaxadiols, des Protopanaxatriols und der Oleansäure, also Triterpen-Aglycone mit jeweils 30 C-Atomen. Diese sind mit einem bis zu mehreren Zuckerteilen glycosiliert. In der Ginsengwurzel konnten bisher bis zu 150 verschiedene Ginsenoside isoliert werden.

https://wiki.naturstoff.net/saponine/ginsenoside

Quellen:
Long Zhixian; The Chinese Materia Medica. Academy Press [Xue Yuan] Beijing, 2007.

R. Hänsel; O. Sticher; Pharmakognosie- Phytopharmazie; Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, 2009.

Theo Dingermann, Karl Hiller, Georg Schneider, Ilse Zündorf; Arzneidrogen; Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 5. Auflage; 2004

Nam, Ki-Yeul. The comparative understanding between red ginseng and white ginsengs, processed ginsengs (Panax ginseng CA Meyer). Journal of Ginseng Research, 2005, 29, 1, 1-18.

Wang, Chong-Zhi, et al. Red American ginseng: ginsenoside constituents and antiproliferative activities of heat-processed Panax quinquefolius roots.Planta medica, 2007, 73, 7, 669.

Kang, Ki Sung, et al. „Increase in the free radical scavenging activity of ginseng by heat-processing.“ Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2006, 4, 750-754.

Rees, H. H. et al. The biosynthesis of β-amyrin. Mechanism of squalene cyclization, Biochem J. 1968; 106(3): 659–665.

Chen, S., et al. 454 EST analysis detects genes putatively involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis in Panax ginseng. Plant cell reports, 2011, 30, 9, 1593-1601.

Sun, Chao, et al. De novo sequencing and analysis of the American ginseng root transcriptome using a GS FLX Titanium platform to discover putative genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis. BMC genomics, 2010, 11, 1, 262.

Chen, Hao, et al. Panaxadiol and Panaxatriol Derivatives as Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Inhibitors. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 2014, 1-12.

Bildnachweis

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Insam.jpg

T.C. Şeker Kurumunda Aralık 2015 tarihinde yaptığım sunum (Prof.Dr. Osman KOLA; okola@adanabtu.edu.tr) Stevia, steviol glycosides, stevioside, rebaudioside