[Igama lesiLatini]Huperzia serratum

[Umthombo] Huperziceae yonke imifuno evela eTshayina

[Imbonakalo] Brown ukuya mhlophe

[Isithako]Huperzine A

[Ingcaciso]Huperzine A 1% – 5%, HPLC

[Ukunyibilika] Inyibilika kwichloroform, methanol, ethanol, inyibilika kancinane emanzini.

[Ubungakanani besuntswana] 80 Mesh

[Ilahleko ekomisweni] ≤5.0%

[Intsimbi enzima] ≤10PPM

[Intsalela yesitshabalalisi] EC396-2005, USP 34, EP 8.0, FDA

[Ugcino] Gcina kwindawo epholileyo neyomileyo, gcina kude nokukhanya okuthe ngqo kunye nobushushu.

[Ubomi beShelufu] Iinyanga ezingama-24

[Ipakethi] Ipakishwe ngamadubhu ephepha kunye neengxowa ezimbini zeplastiki ngaphakathi.

[Yintoni iHuperzine A]

IHuperzia luhlobo lobulembu obukhula eTshayina. Inxulumene nobulembu beklabhu (usapho lweLycopodiaceae) kwaye yaziwa kwezinye iingcali ngezityalo njengeLycopodium serratum. I-moss yonke elungisiweyo yayisetyenziswe ngokwesiko. Amalungiselelo amayeza anamhlanje asebenzisa kuphela i-alkaloid ekwanti eyaziwa ngokuba yi-huperzine A. I-Huperzine A yi-alkaloid efumaneka kwi-huperzia eye yaxelwa ukunqanda ukuchithwa kwe-acetylcholine, into ebalulekileyo efunekayo yinkqubo ye-nervous yokuhambisa ulwazi kwiseli ukuya kwiseli. Uphando lwezilwanyana lucebise ukuba amandla e-huperzine A okugcina i-acetylcholine inokuba nkulu kuneyamanye amayeza kagqirha. Ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi we-acetylcholine luphawu oluphambili lweengxaki ezininzi zokusebenza kwengqondo, kuquka nesifo se-Alzheimer. I-Huperzine A inokuba nefuthe elikhuselayo kwizicubu zobuchopho, inyuse ngakumbi amandla ayo okucinga ukunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

[Umsebenzi] Isetyenziswe kunyango olulolunye, i-huperzine A ifunyenwe isebenza njenge-cholinesterase inhibitor, uhlobo lweyeza elisetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukuchithwa kwe-acetylcholine (ikhemikhali ebalulekileyo yokufunda kunye nememori).

Ayisetyenziswanga kuphela njengonyango lwe-Alzheimer's, i-huperzine A ikwatsho ukuba iphucule ukufunda kunye nenkumbulo kunye nokukhusela ekunciphiseni kwengqondo okunxulumene neminyaka.

Ukongezelela, i-huperzine A ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa ukunyusa amandla, ukwandisa ukuphaphama, kunye nokunceda unyango lwe-myasthenia gravis (i-autoimmune disorder echaphazela imisipha).

Le vidiyo ikubonisa indlela yokubiza iJaponica

Uluhlu lokudlala lweKhemistri: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_hX5wLdhf_KyuOalV6rwHjo810Zaa6xq

ngakumbi https://scitech.quickfound.net/

Isishwankathelo sendlela iiplastiki kunye neerubha zokwenziwa.

Ukulayishwa kwakhona kwefilimu elayishwe ngaphambili enevidiyo ephuculweyo kunye nesandi.

Ifilimu yedomeyini kawonke-wonke evela kwiThala leeNcwadi leCongress Prelinger Archives, inqunyulwe kancinci ukuze isuse imiphetho engalinganiyo, kunye nomlinganiso wembonakalo olungisiweyo, kunye nokuqaqamba okukodwa-umahluko-umbala wokulungiswa kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo yevidiyo ethambileyo ifakiwe.
Isandi somculo siphinde sacutshungulwa ngokulungiswa kwevolumu, ukunciphisa ingxolo, ukunciphisa ukusika, kunye / okanye ukulinganisa (isandi esisiphumo, nangona singafezekanga, asingxoli kakhulu kuneyokuqala).

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer

I-polymer yi-molecule enkulu (i-macromolecule) eyenziwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kweeyunithi zesakhiwo. Ezi sub-units zidla ngokudityaniswa ngamabhondi ekhemikhali ahlangeneyo. Nangona igama elithi polymer ngamanye amaxesha lithathwa libhekiselele kwiiplastiki, eneneni libandakanya iklasi enkulu yeekhompawundi ezibandakanya zombini izinto zendalo kunye nezokwenziwa ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo.

Ngenxa yoluhlu olungaqhelekanga lweepropathi zezinto zepolymeric, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kunye nendawo yonke kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Le ndima isusela kwiiplastiki zokwenziwa eziqhelekileyo kunye neeelastomers ukuya kwii-biopolymers zendalo ezifana ne-nucleic acid kunye neeproteni eziyimfuneko ebomini.

Izinto zepolymeric zendalo ezifana ne-shellac, i-amber, uboya, i-silika kunye ne-rubber yendalo isetyenziswe kwiinkulungwane. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinye iipolymer zendalo, ezifana neselulosi, eyona nto iphambili yomthi kunye nephepha. Uluhlu lweepolymers zokwenziwa ziquka irabha zokwenziwa, Bakelite, neoprene, inayiloni, PVC, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, PVB, abicah, kunye nezinye ezininzi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, umqolo oqhubekayo odityanisiweyo wepolymer esetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kweeplastiki ubandakanya ikakhulu iiathom zekhabhoni. Umzekelo olula yi-polyethylene ('polythene' ngesiNgesi saseBritani), iyunithi yayo ephindaphindayo isekelwe kwi-ethylene monomer. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izakhiwo zikhona; umzekelo, izinto ezifana ne-silicon zenza izinto eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-silicone, imizekelo yi-Silly Putty kunye ne-plumbing sealant engangeni manzi. I-oksijeni iphinda ibonakale kwi-polymer backbones, njengaleyo ye-polyethylene glycol, i-polysaccharides (kwiibhondi ze-glycosidic), kunye ne-DNA (kwiibhondi ze-phosphodiester).

Iipolymers zifundwe kwimimandla yepolymer chemistry, i-polymer physics, kunye nesayensi yepolymer…

I-Polymerization yinkqubo yokudibanisa iimolekyuli ezininzi ezincinci ezaziwa ngokuba zii-monomers zibe yikhonkco elidityanisiweyo okanye inethiwekhi. Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-polymerization, amanye amaqela ekhemikhali anokulahleka kwi-monomer nganye. Le yimeko, umzekelo, kwi-polymerization ye-PET polyester. I-monomers i-terephthalic acid (HOOC-C6H4-COOH) kunye ne-ethylene glycol (HO-CH2-CH2-OH) kodwa iyunithi ephindaphindayo yi -OC-C6H4-COO-CH2-CH2-O-, ehambelana nokudibanisa iimonomers ezimbini kunye nokulahleka kweemolekyuli ezimbini zamanzi. Isiqwenga esahlukileyo semonoma nganye ebandakanywe kwipolymer yaziwa njengeyunithi yokuphinda okanye intsalela ye-monomer…

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_rubber

Irabha yokwenziwa yilo naluphi na uhlobo lwe-elastomer eyenziweyo, ehlala ipholima. I-elastomer sisixhobo esinepropathi yomatshini (okanye yezinto) ezinokuthi zingene kwi-deformation elastiki ngakumbi phantsi koxinzelelo kunezixhobo ezininzi kwaye isabuyela kubungakanani bayo bangaphambili ngaphandle koguquko olusisigxina. Malunga ne-15 yeebhiliyoni zeekhilogram zeerubha ziveliswa ngonyaka, kwaye oko Isixa sesibini kwisithathu siyenziwe...

Yendalo vs irabha yokwenziwa

Irabha yendalo, evela kwi-latex, ikakhulu i-poly-cis-isoprene equlethe iitrayiti zokungcola. Nangona ibonisa iimpawu ezininzi ezigqwesileyo, i-rubber yendalo isoloko ingaphantsi kweerubha zokwenziwa, ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele kuzinzo lwe-thermal kunye nokuhambelana kwayo neemveliso zepetroleum.

Irabha esetyenzisiweyo yenziwa yipolymerization yeentlobo ngeentlobo ze-petroleum-based precursors ezibizwa ngokuba yi-monomers. Iirubha zokwenziwa ezixhaphakileyo ziyi-styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBR) ephuma kwi-copolymerization ye-styrene kunye ne-1,3-butadiene. Ezinye iirubha zokwenziwa zilungiswe kwi-isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene), i-chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene), kunye ne-isobutylene (i-methylpropene) kunye nepesenti encinci ye-isoprene yokudibanisa. Ezi kunye nezinye ii-monomers zinokuxutywa ngokwemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo ukuze zenziwe i-copolymerized ukuvelisa iimveliso ezinoluhlu lweempawu zomzimba, oomatshini kunye neekhemikhali. Iimonomers zinokuveliswa zinyulu kwaye ukongezwa kokungcola okanye izongezo zinokulawulwa ngoyilo ukunika iipropathi ezifanelekileyo. Ipolymerization yeemonomers ezisulungekileyo zinokulawulwa ngcono ukunika isahlulo esinqwenelekayo se-cis kunye ne-trans double bond…