[Igama lesiLatini]Huperzia serratum

[Umthombo] I-Huperziceae yonke imifino evela e-China

[Ukubukeka]Onsundu ukuya kokumhlophe

[Isithako]Huperzine A

[Ukucaciswa]I-Huperzine A 1% – 5%, HPLC

[Ukunyibilika] Incibilika ku-chloroform, i-methanol, i-ethanol, inyibilika kancane emanzini

[Usayizi wezinhlayiyana] 80 Mesh

[Ukulahlekelwa lapho omiswa] ≤5.0%

[Insimbi Esindayo] ≤10PPM

[Izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane] EC396-2005, USP 34, EP 8.0, FDA

[Isitoreji] Gcina endaweni epholile neyomile, gwema ukukhanya nokushisa okuqondile.

[Impilo yeshelufu] Izinyanga ezingama-24

[Iphakheji] Ipakishwe ngezigubhu zephepha kanye nezikhwama zepulasitiki ezimbili ngaphakathi.

[Iyini i-Huperzine A]

I-Huperzia uhlobo lobulembu obumila eShayina. Ihlobene ne-club mosses (umndeni we-Lycopodiaceae) futhi yaziwa kwezinye izazi zezitshalo ngokuthi i-Lycopodium serratum. I-moss yonke elungisiwe yayisetshenziswa ngokwesiko. Amalungiselelo amakhambi esimanje asebenzisa kuphela i-alkaloid engayodwa eyaziwa ngokuthi i-huperzine A. I-Huperzine A iyi-alkaloid etholakala ku-huperzia okuye kwabikwa ukuthi ivimbela ukuwohloka kwe-acetylcholine, into ebalulekile edingwa isimiso sezinzwa ukuze sidlulisele ulwazi kusuka kungqamuzana ukuya kungqamuzana. Ucwaningo lwezilwane luphakamise ukuthi ikhono le-huperzine A lokulondoloza i-acetylcholine lingase libe likhulu kuneleminye imithi kadokotela. Ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza kwe-acetylcholine kuyisici esiyinhloko sokuphazamiseka okuningana kokusebenza kobuchopho, okuhlanganisa nesifo i-Alzheimer's. I-Huperzine A ingase futhi ibe nomthelela ovikelayo ezicutshini zobuchopho, iqhubeke yandise amandla ayo etiyetha okusiza ukwehlisa izimpawu zokuphazamiseka okuthile kobuchopho.

[Umsebenzi] Isetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha, i-huperzine A itholakale isebenza njenge-cholinesterase inhibitor, uhlobo lomuthi olusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwe-acetylcholine (ikhemikhali ebalulekile ekufundeni nasekukhumbuleni).

Ayisetshenziswa nje kuphela njengokwelapha isifo i-Alzheimer's, i-huperzine A kuthiwa ithuthukisa ukufunda nenkumbulo futhi ivikele ekuwohlokeni komqondo okuhlobene neminyaka.

Ukwengeza, i-huperzine A ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukuqinisa amandla, ukwandisa ukuphaphama, nokusiza ekwelapheni i-myasthenia gravis (isifo esizimele esithinta imisipha).

Le vidiyo ikukhombisa ukuthi ubiza kanjani i-Japonica

Uhlu lwadlalwayo lweChemistry: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_hX5wLdhf_KyuOalV6rwHjo810Zaa6xq

okuningi ku-https://scitech.quickfound.net/

Uhlolojikelele lwendlela amapulasitiki namarabha okwenziwa ngawo.

Ukulayishwa kabusha kwefilimu elayishwe ngaphambilini enevidiyo ethuthukisiwe nomsindo.

Ifilimu yesizinda esisesidlangalaleni evela ku-Library of Congress Prelinger Archives, isikwe kancane ukuze kususwe imiphetho engalingani, ne-aspect ratio ilungisiwe, futhi kusetshenziswe ukukhanya kwephasi eyodwa-okugqama-umbala nokulungiswa komsindo omncane wevidiyo.
I-soundtrack iphinde yacutshungulwa ngokujwayela kwevolumu, ukuncishiswa komsindo, ukuncishiswa kokusika, kanye/noma ukulinganisa (umsindo owumphumela, nakuba ungalungile, unomsindo omncane kakhulu kunowokuqala).

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer

I-polymer iyi-molecule enkulu (i-macromolecule) eyakhiwe ngamayunithi aphindaphindayo esakhiwo. Lawa mayunithi amancane ngokuvamile axhunywe ngamabhondi amakhemikhali ahlangene. Yize igama elithi i-polymer kwesinye isikhathi lithathwa libhekise kumapulasitiki, empeleni lihlanganisa isigaba esikhulu sezinhlanganisela ezihlanganisa kokubili izinto zemvelo nezokwenziwa ezinezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo.

Ngenxa yobubanzi obungavamile bezakhiwo ze-polymeric, zidlala indima ebalulekile futhi etholakala yonke indawo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Le ndima isukela kumapulasitiki okwenziwa ajwayelekile nama-elastomer kuya kuma-biopolymer emvelo njengama-nucleic acid namaprotheni abalulekile empilweni.

Izinto zemvelo ze-polymeric ezifana ne-shellac, i-amber, uboya, usilika kanye nenjoloba yemvelo isetshenziswe amakhulu eminyaka. Izinhlobonhlobo zamanye ama-polymer emvelo akhona, njenge-cellulose, okuyiyona nto eyinhloko yokhuni nephepha. Uhlu lwama-polymers okwenziwa luhlanganisa irabha yokwenziwa, i-Bakelite, i-neoprene, inayiloni, i-PVC, i-polystyrene, i-polyethylene, i-polypropylene, i-polyacrylonitrile, i-PVB, i-silicone, nokunye okuningi.

Ngokuvamile, umgogodla oxhumene ngokuqhubekayo we-polymer esetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwamapulasitiki uqukethe ikakhulukazi ama-athomu e-carbon. Isibonelo esilula i-polyethylene ('i-polythene' ngesiNgisi saseBrithani), iyunithi yayo ephindaphindayo isuselwa ku-ethylene monomer. Nokho, ezinye izakhiwo zikhona; isibonelo, izakhi ezifana ne-silicon zakha izinto ezijwayelekile ezifana nama-silicone, izibonelo ezithi Silly Putty kanye ne-plumbing sealant engangeni manzi. I-oksijeni ibuye ibe khona ngokuvamile ku-polymer backbones, njengaleyo ye-polyethylene glycol, i-polysaccharides (kumabhondi e-glycosidic), ne-DNA (kumabhondi e-phosphodiester).

Ama-polymers afundwa emikhakheni ye-polymer chemistry, i-polymer physics, nesayensi ye-polymer…

I-Polymerization inqubo yokuhlanganisa ama-molecule amaningi amancane aziwa ngokuthi ama-monomers abe yiketango eliboshwe ngokuhlanganyela noma inethiwekhi. Phakathi nenqubo ye-polymerization, amanye amaqembu amakhemikhali angase alahleke ku-monomer ngayinye. Kunjalo, isibonelo, ku-polymerization ye-PET polyester. Ama-monomers yi-terephthalic acid (HOOC-C6H4-COOH) ne-ethylene glycol (HO-CH2-CH2-OH) kodwa iyunithi ephindayo ithi -OC-C6H4-COO-CH2-CH2-O-, ehambisana nenhlanganisela ye- ama-monomer amabili ngokulahleka kwama-molecule amabili amanzi. Ingxenye ehlukile ye-monomer ngayinye efakwe ku-polymer yaziwa njengeyunithi ephindayo noma izinsalela ze-monomer…

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_rubber

Irabha yokwenziwa inoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-elastomer yokwenziwa, njalo i-polymer. I-elastomer iyimpahla enezinto eziwumshini (noma izinto ezibonakalayo) ezingase zibe nokuwohloka okunwebeka kakhulu ngaphansi kwengcindezi kunezinto eziningi ezisetshenziswayo futhi isabuyela kusayizi wayo wangaphambili ngaphandle kokonakala okuhlala njalo. Cishe amakhilogremu ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-15 akhiqizwa ngonyaka, futhi kulokho Isamba sokubili kokuthathu siyenziwe...

Yemvelo vs irabha yokwenziwa

Irabha yemvelo, evela ku-latex, ikakhulukazi i-poly-cis-isoprene equkethe imikhondo yokungcola. Nakuba ibonisa izinto eziningi ezinhle kakhulu, irabha yemvelo ngokuvamile ingaphansi kwama-rubber okwenziwa, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nokuzinza kwayo okushisayo nokuhambisana kwayo nemikhiqizo ye-petroleum.

Irabha yokwenziwa yenziwa yi-polymerization yama-precursors asuselwa ku-petroleum abizwa ngokuthi ama-monomers. Amarabha okwenziwa avame kakhulu amarabha e-styrene-butadiene (SBR) atholakala ku-copolymerization ye-styrene ne-1,3-butadiene. Amanye ama-rubber okwenziwa alungiswa kusuka ku-isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene), i-chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene), ne-isobutylene (methylpropene) enephesenti elincane le-isoprene yokuxhumanisa. Lawa kanye namanye ama-monomers angaxutshwa ngezilinganiso ezihlukene ukuze ahlanganiswe ukuze akhiqize imikhiqizo enohlu lwezakhiwo ezibonakalayo, ezomshini, kanye namakhemikhali. Ama-monomers angakhiqizwa ahlanzekile futhi ukungezwa kokungcola noma izithasiselo kungalawulwa ngokuklama ukunikeza izakhiwo ezifanele. I-Polymerization yama-monomers ahlanzekile ingalawulwa kangcono ukunikeza ingxenye oyifunayo ye-cis nama-trans double bond...