[Latin Name]  Citrus aurantium L.

[Specification] Synephrine 4.0%–80%

[Appearance] Yellow brown powder

Plant Part Used: Fruit

[Particle size] 80Mesh

[Loss on drying] ≤5.0%

[Heavy Metal] ≤10PPM

[Storage] Store in cool & dry area, keep away from the direct light and heat.

[Shelf life] 24 Months

[Package] Packed in paper-drums and two plastic-bags inside.

[Net weight] 25kgs/drum

[What is Citrus Aurantium]

Citrus aurantium L, belonging to the family Rutaceae, is widely distributed in China. Zhishi, the Chinese traditional name for Citrus aurantium, has long been a folk medicine in traditional Chinese medicine (TCMto improve indigestion and help stimulate the Qi (energy force).

[Function]

1. Have the function of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, vasoprotective and anticarcinogenic and cholesterol lowering actions.

2. Have the function of inhibiting following enzymes: Phospholipase A2, lipoxygenase, HMG-CoA reductase and cyclo-oxygenase.

3. Have the function of improving the health of capillaries by reducing the capillary permeability.

4. Have the function of reducing hay fever and other allergic conditions by inhibiting the release of histamine from mast cells. The possible activity of hesperidin could be explained by the inhibition of polyamine synthesis. (bitter orange extract)

OCR AS Biology
Biological molecules
Module 2
Hope it is informative
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Does Glucosamine Help Treat Arthritis? A Review of the evidence.

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https://www.healthydocs.net/home/2017/does-glucosamine-help-treat-arthritis

MORE VITAMINS, MINERALS, SUPPLEMENTS

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt6puIp2CPGX2dX8RjqtgVTdzPxvyLLAS

GLUCOSAMINE SUPPLEMENT OPTIONS

https://amzn.to/2pcF5PG

CHONDROITIN SULFATE

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I wanted to talk about the supplement glucosamine. This is a very commonly consumed supplement, often taken in combination with chondroitin sulfate to help prevent or treat the symptoms of osteoarthritis. In this lecture, I will specifically focus on glucosamine as I have talked about chondroitin in another lecture.

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting an estimated 12.1 percent of Americans 25 years and older. Therapeutic options includes nonpharmacologic interventions such as weight loss, physical and occupational therapy, and surgery. Medication options include acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), intra-articular injections, opiates, and glucosamine sulfate. (source: AAFP)

Glucosamine is a molecule classified as an amino sugar, which you can derive from the name ‘glucos’ = sugar and ‘amine’ = amino group (or a nitrogenous group). In humans, it acts as a precursor to a cluster of molecules called glycosaminoglycans.

Glycosaminoglycans are polysaccharides essentially composed of chains of different types of repeating sugars with proteins and uronic acids attached. (It is more complicated than that, but that simplified version is easy to remember). The purpose of glycosaminoglycans is to act as the bodies natural lubricant and shock absorber for joints. It is an essential component of the structural integrity of the cells in your body, especially in cartilage.

Because of our biological understanding of glucosamine, it is often supplemented for the purposes of treating and preventing diseases of the joints, known as arthritis. Most often, this is in the form of osteoarthritis. Researchers had hoped that this supplement would benefit cartilage and joints, although the evidence to date is somewhat mixed and underwhelming.

Glucosamine may help with arthritis, knee pain, osteoarthritis, hip pain, shoulder pain, joint disease, osteoporosis, osteopenia and joint disease.