[Latin Name]Huperzia serratum

[Source] Huperziceae whole herb from China

[Appearance]Brown to white

[Ingredient]Huperzine A

[Specification]Huperzine A 1% – 5%, HPLC

[Solubility] Soluble in chloroform, methanol, ethanol, slightly soluble in water

[Particle size] 80 Mesh

[Loss on drying] ≤5.0%

[Heavy Metal] ≤10PPM

[Pesticide residue] EC396-2005, USP 34, EP 8.0, FDA

[Storage] Store in cool & dry area, keep away from the direct light and heat.

[Shelf life] 24 Months

[Package] Packed in paper-drums and two plastic-bags inside.

[What is Huperzine A]

Huperzia is a type of moss that grows in China. It is related to club mosses (the Lycopodiaceae family) and is known to some botanists as Lycopodium serratum . The whole prepared moss was used traditionally. Modern herbal preparations use only the isolated alkaloid known as huperzine A. Huperzine A is an alkaloid found in huperzia that has been reported to prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine, an important substance needed by the nervous system to transmit information from cell to cell. Animal research has suggested that huperzine A’s ability to preserve acetylcholine may be greater than that of some prescription drugs. Loss of acetylcholine function is a primary feature of several disorders of brain function, including Alzheimer’s disease . Huperzine A may also have a protective effect on brain tissue, further increasing its theoretical potential for helping reduce symptoms of some brain disorders.

[Function] Used in alternative medicine, huperzine A has been found to act as a cholinesterase inhibitor, a type of medicine used to prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine (a chemical essential to learning and memory).

Not only used as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease, huperzine A is also said to enhance learning and memory and to protect against age-related cognitive decline.

In addition, huperzine A is sometimes used to boost energy, increase alertness, and aid in the treatment of myasthenia gravis (an autoimmune disorder that affects the muscles).

https://www.iitutor.com
Condensation polymers are formed when monomers join together, and in the process also form a separate small molecule such as a water molecule. The ends of the monomer molecules must have functional groups that can join with other functional groups on neighbouring molecules.
Condensation polymerisation is the process in which two monomers combine with the elimination of a smaller molecule. One way that two different monomers can combine and in doing so lose a molecule of water and represents condensation polymerisation. This process continues and each remaining end joins with another monomer—each time lengthening the chain. One way to think of this is a “head-to-tail” joining.
Synthetic condensation polymers include nylons and polyesters. Natural condensation polymers include cellulose, cotton, wool, and silk.
Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate or polysaccharide. It is the most abundant biopolymer in nature. Carbohydrates consist of molecules containing C, H and O atoms. Carbohydrates contain many alcohol functional groups.
• Cellulose consists of long chains of β-glucose monomers.
• Glucose is an example of a simple carbohydrate or monosaccharide.
Structure of glucose :
Glucose (C6H12O6) is a ring molecule. The carbon atoms in the ring are numbered as shown. The –OH functional groups may be orientated above or below the plane of the ring. These different orientations at C, produce the alpha and beta forms of the glucose monomers.
• Glucose is an organic compound
• Ring can open up in solution to form a straight-chain structure. Open and chain forms are in equilibrium that cause glucose to exist as anomers, β-glucose and α-glucose.
Biopolymer is a naturally occurring polymer such as cellulose, starch, gluten, DNA and protein.
Formation of cellulose:
Cellulose is a condensation polymer which is formed when glucose monomers condense together through beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds. This involves a reaction between the –OH groups at the C1 and C4 carbons of adjacent glucose molecules.
The process begins by the condensation reaction between two glucose monomers to form a beta-maltose dimer. A water molecule is eliminated during this reaction. More glucose monomers condense and the chain grows until about 10 000 glucose monomers are linked in long, unbranched, ribbon-like strands.
Strong hydrogen bonding exists between –OH groups of neighbouring, close-packed strands. This produces a water-insoluble polymer with great strength and rigidity. Plants use cellulose as a structural carbohydrate for their cell walls.

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